At the center of GDP problems and its limits presents, the calculation type and what its comprise.The calculation of GDP is based on the collection of data on economic transactions.The underlying principle is that everything bought and sold within a year must be passed on to the GDP. Government-affiliated economists conduct in-depth research to measure this figure.But everything bought and sold within this nation is not equivalent to all the economic activity that takes place.In the same way, the figure that emerges at the end does not much necessarily mean the things that people value in a country.For example, an environmentalist said that GDP is not a source of natural resources. Assuming that the GDP is sold, it usually takes into consideration for the cutting of trees.But what is consumed is a natural resource that can not be replaced, and the GDP will not register it.In a similar fashion, when an economic activity produces pollution, GDP ignores unwanted side effects such as loss of biodiversity or worsening public health by looking at only the products sold.
Women at Work
Marilyn Waring, who was a deputy in Brazil, claimed that in 1988 If Women Counted GDP was systematically lost to women's jobs at a low rate.Most of the jobs, children and elderly care performed in places around the world are mostly part of women.It is clear that this labor is economically necessary, since it contributes to guaranteeing the reproduction of the labor power. However, it is usually not charged and therefore not included in the GDP calculation.
Excluding Women
Differences in what is recorded in the calculation of economic production can be quite enjoyable when the work that is essentially the same is handled in a very different way.Cooking, when food is sold, is "economically active." However, it is not "economically active" when it is not sold.The only distinction here is whether a market operation is the subject matter, but the activity is identical.One will exclude women, one will not.In this case, national accounting implicitly implies a tremendous gender prejudice, and in our traditional accounting systems, the true economic value of women's work is systematically underestimated.Waring further argued that the United Nations System of National Accounts (UNSNA), an international standard system used in the calculation of national income, constituted an example of "applied male domination": In other words, is an attempt to exclude women.
Marylin Waring in 1975.
Marilyn Waring is an internationally-renowned feminist, economist and human rights activist.
Aged just 23 when she was elected to Parliament in 1975, she became the youngest MP in the House. She had worked for the National Party research unit and volunteered with the Women’s Electoral Lobby. Asked why she had gone into politics, she recalled:
No one reason. Partly academic interest, I was interested in the selection process and also I thought we’d done enough criticizing about women not being prepared to put forward their names as candidates for political positions. I couldn’t stand back and criticize them for not doing that if I didn’t do anything myself.
Waring’s maiden speech set out some key priorities that continued throughout her nine years in Parliament.
I realise that I am the youngest member of this House and I would not presume to teach any members of this House anything about politics. But members should be well aware that occasions will arise when I feel that further representation should be given to the point of view of the youth and the women of this country who are grossly numerically under-represented in this House. From time to time, when I feel the pressing need to advance the interests of those two groups, I will do so.
As the member for Raglan (later Waipa), Waring felt a strong duty to represent the people of her rural electorate. But as she said in her maiden speech, women and youth were under-represented in the corridors of power. She believed feminists should work within the system to make positive changes for women.
Waring was one of only four female MPs during her first term and half the average age of MPs. She sought to represent the views of women and youth on contentious issues such as abortion, rape and New Zealand’s anti-nuclear stance.
Marilyn Waring declares her office a nuclear free zone, c.1984
Waring’s support for the Labour opposition’s anti-nuclear bill in 1984 demonstrated a commitment to her values and principles. After being blocked from speaking on the nuclear issue, Waring advised the National Party leadership she would cross the floor on the issue. Prime Minister Robert Muldoon responded by calling a snap election which Labour won by a landslide.
Waring retired from politics in 1984, but continued advocating for women’s rights. In August 1984, seething after months of caucus discussion and select committee hearings on rape legislation, Waring penned a column for the Listener entitled ‘What the Law Calls It’. After outlining the current laws concerning and social attitudes about rape in New Zealand, she concluded, ‘Men may not all be rapists at heart, but they must stop their subtle protecting – and perpetuating – if they want women to know this.’
In September 1984, Waring fielded questions from the general public on feminist issues as part of a TVNZ programme, On Line. In the following video Waring answers a question about women in positions of power and reflects on her experiences in Parliament.
After her time in politics, Waring became an academic, gaining a PhD in political economics. Her 1988 book Counting for nothing (sometimes entitled If women counted), analysed economics from a feminist perspective and highlighted the fact that Gross Domestic Product calculations generally exclude the value of women’s unpaid work. This book and her other work on this subject explored the implications of discounting the work of half the world’s population, and informed and changed United Nations policies in this area.
*Biography was citationed.
Marylin Waring
Country and Birth : New Zealand-1952Marylin Waring in 1975.
Marilyn Waring is an internationally-renowned feminist, economist and human rights activist.
Aged just 23 when she was elected to Parliament in 1975, she became the youngest MP in the House. She had worked for the National Party research unit and volunteered with the Women’s Electoral Lobby. Asked why she had gone into politics, she recalled:No one reason. Partly academic interest, I was interested in the selection process and also I thought we’d done enough criticizing about women not being prepared to put forward their names as candidates for political positions. I couldn’t stand back and criticize them for not doing that if I didn’t do anything myself.
Waring’s maiden speech set out some key priorities that continued throughout her nine years in Parliament.
I realise that I am the youngest member of this House and I would not presume to teach any members of this House anything about politics. But members should be well aware that occasions will arise when I feel that further representation should be given to the point of view of the youth and the women of this country who are grossly numerically under-represented in this House. From time to time, when I feel the pressing need to advance the interests of those two groups, I will do so.
As the member for Raglan (later Waipa), Waring felt a strong duty to represent the people of her rural electorate. But as she said in her maiden speech, women and youth were under-represented in the corridors of power. She believed feminists should work within the system to make positive changes for women.Waring was one of only four female MPs during her first term and half the average age of MPs. She sought to represent the views of women and youth on contentious issues such as abortion, rape and New Zealand’s anti-nuclear stance.
Marilyn Waring declares her office a nuclear free zone, c.1984
Waring’s support for the Labour opposition’s anti-nuclear bill in 1984 demonstrated a commitment to her values and principles. After being blocked from speaking on the nuclear issue, Waring advised the National Party leadership she would cross the floor on the issue. Prime Minister Robert Muldoon responded by calling a snap election which Labour won by a landslide.
Waring retired from politics in 1984, but continued advocating for women’s rights. In August 1984, seething after months of caucus discussion and select committee hearings on rape legislation, Waring penned a column for the Listener entitled ‘What the Law Calls It’. After outlining the current laws concerning and social attitudes about rape in New Zealand, she concluded, ‘Men may not all be rapists at heart, but they must stop their subtle protecting – and perpetuating – if they want women to know this.’In September 1984, Waring fielded questions from the general public on feminist issues as part of a TVNZ programme, On Line. In the following video Waring answers a question about women in positions of power and reflects on her experiences in Parliament.
After her time in politics, Waring became an academic, gaining a PhD in political economics. Her 1988 book Counting for nothing (sometimes entitled If women counted), analysed economics from a feminist perspective and highlighted the fact that Gross Domestic Product calculations generally exclude the value of women’s unpaid work. This book and her other work on this subject explored the implications of discounting the work of half the world’s population, and informed and changed United Nations policies in this area.
*Biography was citationed.
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